Environmental Education and Sustainability (314301) Unit 3 Set 3

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Unit – III Ecosystem and Biodiversity [12 MARKS]

3.1 Ecosystem – Definition, Aspects of ecosystem, Division of ecosystem, General characteristics of ecosystem, Functions of ecosystem
3.2 Biodiversity – Definitions, Levels, Value, and loss of biodiversity
3.3 Biodiversity Assessment Initiatives in India
3.4 SWOT analysis of biodiversity hot spot in India
3.5 Conservations of biodiversity – objects, and laws for conservation of biodiversity

SET 3

QUIZ START

#1. Which of the following organisms plays a significant role in pollination?

Frogs

Birds

Bees

Lizards

#2. What is the term for the variety of ecosystems present on Earth?

Species diversity

Genetic diversity

Ecological diversity

Ecosystem complexity

#3. What is the term for the gradual process of ecological change in an area over time?

Evolution

Migration

Succession

Adaptation

#4. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

Predators

Soil nutrients

Competition

Disease

#5. What is the role of the Sun in an ecosystem?

It provides oxygen to organisms

It drives the water cycle

It is the primary source of energy for producers

It regulates animal behavior

#6. What type of organism is typically the first to colonize a barren environment during primary succession?

Mosses and lichens

Small shrubs

Grasses

Large trees

#7. What is an example of an abiotic factor that influences the growth of a plant?

Water availability

Root system

Herbivores

Pollinators

#8. What does the term “carrying capacity” refer to?

The maximum amount of energy an ecosystem can produce

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain

The amount of water a species needs to survive

The total area an organism can occupy in an ecosystem

#9. What is the main purpose of the greenhouse effect?

To increase the Earthâ€™s temperature by trapping heat

To decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

To create wind patterns around the world

To cool the Earth by reflecting sunlight

#10. Which of the following is an example of a secondary consumer?

Grass

Rabbit

Fox

Plant

#11. Which of the following is true about invasive species?

They are beneficial to the ecosystem they enter

They are native to the area they invade

They often disrupt the balance of the ecosystem

They have no impact on biodiversity

#12. What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?

Increased nitrogen levels

Increased carbon dioxide absorption by oceans

Oil spills

Eutrophication

#13. What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

They convert nitrogen gas into usable forms for plants

They decompose organic matter to release nitrogen

They absorb nitrogen from the soil

They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

#14. What is the primary function of a producer in an ecosystem?

To consume other organisms for energy

To convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis

To decompose dead organic matter

To regulate the population of consumers

#15. Which of the following is a result of deforestation?

Increased biodiversity

More carbon sequestration

Loss of habitat for many species

Improved soil fertility

#16. Which of the following terms refers to the process by which organisms of different species live together and interact?

Speciation

Symbiosis

Adaptation

Migration

#17. What does “exotic species” mean?

Species that are native to the region

Species that are imported from other regions and are not naturally found in an area

Species that adapt easily to various climates

Species that are extinct in the wild

#18. What type of biome is characterized by low temperatures, low precipitation, and permafrost?

Tropical rainforest

Taiga

Tundra

Grassland

#19. What does the term “biodiversity hotspot” refer to?

A place with high levels of biodiversity that is under threat of extinction

An area where biodiversity is steadily increasing

A location that has low levels of biodiversity

A zone where species migration occurs frequently

#20. Which of the following is an example of a biome?

A food web

A grassland

A population of deer

A species of fish

#21. What is the role of a carnivore in a food chain?

To break down organic matter

To eat plants

To eat herbivores and other animals

To produce food for other organisms

#22. What is the main purpose of conservation efforts?

To increase the population of humans

To prevent the extinction of species and preserve biodiversity

To develop new species

To allow unrestricted exploitation of natural resources

#23. What is the main component of an ecosystem’s abiotic factors?

Producers

Consumers

Non-living elements like water, air, and soil

Decomposers

#24. What is a major characteristic of a desert biome?

High rainfall and dense vegetation

Low rainfall and sparse vegetation

High biodiversity and constant temperatures

Cold temperatures year-round

#25. Which of the following is an example of an autotroph?

Lion

Human

Oak tree

Fungi

#26. What does the term “overexploitation” refer to in an ecosystem?

The excessive use of a natural resource that leads to depletion

The sustainable use of resources

The regulation of population size in an ecosystem

The natural growth of a population

#27. Which of the following is an example of an ecological niche?

The specific role an organism plays in its habitat

The size of the population in an ecosystem

The distribution of an organism in a geographic area

The genetic variation within a species

#28. Which of the following is a direct consequence of habitat fragmentation?

Increased genetic diversity in species

Decreased access to resources for some species

Stabilization of ecosystem processes

Increased migration of species

#29. What is the primary cause of the loss of biodiversity in marine ecosystems?

Overfishing and habitat destruction

Increased rainfall

Increased genetic variation

Species migration

#30. Which of the following would be classified as a primary consumer?

Grass

Snake

Deer

Wolf

#31. Which type of symbiotic relationship involves one organism benefiting while the other is harmed?

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism

Competition

#32. What is the term for a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem?

Invasive species

Keystone species

Endemic species

Indicator species

#33. Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the stability of an ecosystem?

Biodiversity

Complex food webs

Environmental disturbances

Efficient recycling of nutrients

#34. What is the term used for the gradual replacement of one community by another in an ecosystem?

Ecological succession

Speciation

Evolution

Adaptation

#35. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

Solar energy

Wind energy

Fossil fuels

Biomass

#36. What is the role of an apex predator in an ecosystem?

It is at the top of the food chain and has no natural predators

It decomposes dead organisms

It is the first producer in the food chain

It competes with primary producers for sunlight

#37. Which of the following is the most common form of energy in an ecosystem?

Geothermal energy

Chemical energy

Solar energy

Electrical energy

#38. Which of the following describes the greenhouse effect?

The process by which plants absorb sunlight and release oxygen

The trapping of heat in the atmosphere by greenhouse gases

The cooling of the Earthâ€™s surface due to clouds

The warming of the oceans by solar radiation

#39. What is the primary source of food for herbivores?

Other animals

Fungi

Plants

Decomposers

#40. Which of the following best describes a trophic level?

The energy pathway in a food web

The level of organization in an ecosystem

The role an organism plays in an ecosystem

The position an organism occupies in the food chain

#41. What is the major difference between primary and secondary succession?

Primary succession occurs in areas where there was no previous ecosystem, while secondary succession occurs in areas that have been disturbed but not entirely destroyed

Primary succession occurs only in aquatic ecosystems, while secondary succession occurs in terrestrial ecosystems

Primary succession involves only plant life, while secondary succession involves both plants and animals

There is no difference between primary and secondary succession

#42. What is an example of a density-independent factor that affects population growth?

Food availability

Disease

Temperature

Competition

#43. What is the primary purpose of biodiversity conservation?

To maintain natural resources for human use

To ensure the survival of all species

To preserve the beauty of nature

To protect ecosystem services and maintain ecological balance

#44. Which of the following is a direct consequence of the loss of biodiversity?

Increase in crop yields

Disruption of ecosystem services

Decrease in pollution levels

Stabilization of climate patterns

#45. What is the main role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

To convert sunlight into energy

To break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients

To hunt and consume herbivores

To create new species through adaptation

#46. Which of the following best describes the process of photosynthesis?

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy by plants

The breakdown of organic material by bacteria

The release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

The transfer of energy through food webs

#47. What is the primary cause of coral reef destruction?

Overfishing

Excessive sunlight

Ocean acidification and warming

Increased freshwater runoff

#48. Which of the following is an example of an endangered species?

A species that is abundant in its natural habitat

A species that has been introduced to a new habitat

A species that is at risk of extinction

A species that migrates seasonally

#49. What type of relationship is shown when one species benefits while the other is unaffected?

Parasitism

Commensalism

Mutualism

Competition

#50. Which of the following is a potential effect of climate change on ecosystems?

Increased biodiversity in tropical areas

Stable ecosystems with little to no changes

Shifts in the distribution of species and ecosystems

Decreased occurrence of natural disasters

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Unit – III Ecosystem and Biodiversity [12 MARKS]

SET 3

#1. Which of the following organisms plays a significant role in pollination?

#2. What is the term for the variety of ecosystems present on Earth?

#3. What is the term for the gradual process of ecological change in an area over time?

#4. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

#5. What is the role of the Sun in an ecosystem?

#6. What type of organism is typically the first to colonize a barren environment during primary succession?

#7. What is an example of an abiotic factor that influences the growth of a plant?

#8. What does the term “carrying capacity” refer to?

#9. What is the main purpose of the greenhouse effect?

#10. Which of the following is an example of a secondary consumer?

#11. Which of the following is true about invasive species?

#12. What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?

#13. What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

#14. What is the primary function of a producer in an ecosystem?

#15. Which of the following is a result of deforestation?

#16. Which of the following terms refers to the process by which organisms of different species live together and interact?

#17. What does “exotic species” mean?

#18. What type of biome is characterized by low temperatures, low precipitation, and permafrost?

#19. What does the term “biodiversity hotspot” refer to?

#20. Which of the following is an example of a biome?

#21. What is the role of a carnivore in a food chain?

#22. What is the main purpose of conservation efforts?

#23. What is the main component of an ecosystem’s abiotic factors?

#24. What is a major characteristic of a desert biome?

#25. Which of the following is an example of an autotroph?

#26. What does the term “overexploitation” refer to in an ecosystem?

#27. Which of the following is an example of an ecological niche?

#28. Which of the following is a direct consequence of habitat fragmentation?

#29. What is the primary cause of the loss of biodiversity in marine ecosystems?

#30. Which of the following would be classified as a primary consumer?

#31. Which type of symbiotic relationship involves one organism benefiting while the other is harmed?

#32. What is the term for a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem?

#33. Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the stability of an ecosystem?

#34. What is the term used for the gradual replacement of one community by another in an ecosystem?

#35. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

#36. What is the role of an apex predator in an ecosystem?

#37. Which of the following is the most common form of energy in an ecosystem?

#38. Which of the following describes the greenhouse effect?

#39. What is the primary source of food for herbivores?

#40. Which of the following best describes a trophic level?

#41. What is the major difference between primary and secondary succession?

#42. What is an example of a density-independent factor that affects population growth?

#43. What is the primary purpose of biodiversity conservation?

#44. Which of the following is a direct consequence of the loss of biodiversity?

#45. What is the main role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

#46. Which of the following best describes the process of photosynthesis?

#47. What is the primary cause of coral reef destruction?

#48. Which of the following is an example of an endangered species?

#49. What type of relationship is shown when one species benefits while the other is unaffected?

#50. Which of the following is a potential effect of climate change on ecosystems?

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