Environmental Education and Sustainability (314301) Unit 3 Set 4

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Unit – III Ecosystem and Biodiversity [12 MARKS]

3.1 Ecosystem – Definition, Aspects of ecosystem, Division of ecosystem, General characteristics of ecosystem, Functions of ecosystem
3.2 Biodiversity – Definitions, Levels, Value, and loss of biodiversity
3.3 Biodiversity Assessment Initiatives in India
3.4 SWOT analysis of biodiversity hot spot in India
3.5 Conservations of biodiversity – objects, and laws for conservation of biodiversity

SET 4

QUIZ START

#1. Which of the following is a characteristic of an r-selected species?

Low reproductive rate

Large body size

High number of offspring with low parental care

Long lifespan

#2. What is an example of ecological resilience?

The rapid extinction of a species

An ecosystem's ability to recover after a disturbance

The migration of species to new areas

The steady decline of biodiversity over time

#3. Which of the following best describes an ecosystem service?

A service provided by organisms for human use

A natural process that benefits humans and supports ecosystem function

A human-made service that mimics ecosystem processes

A process that only affects the economy, not the environment

#4. Which of the following is an example of a sustainable practice?

Clear-cutting forests to maximize timber production

Using renewable energy sources like solar and wind power

Overfishing to meet global demand for seafood

Mining non-renewable resources at an accelerated rate

#5. What is the effect of introducing an invasive species into an ecosystem?

It can enhance biodiversity

It can disrupt local ecosystems and outcompete native species

It improves the health of the ecosystem

It causes no change to the ecosystem

#6. What is the primary purpose of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?

To promote the trade of endangered species

To conserve the world's oceans

To prevent the loss of biodiversity and ensure sustainable use of natural resources

To develop new technologies for resource extraction

#7. What is the main difference between “endangered” and “threatened” species?

Endangered species are already extinct, while threatened species are not

Endangered species are at risk of extinction in the near future, while threatened species are not currently at risk

Endangered species have already lost most of their habitat, while threatened species have stable populations

There is no difference between endangered and threatened species

#8. What is the role of phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems?

They are primary producers that perform photosynthesis and form the base of the food web

They are top predators in the food chain

They break down dead organic material

They act as decomposers in the water

#9. What is the main objective of reforestation efforts?

To remove all invasive species from an area

To restore forests that have been cut down or damaged

To introduce new species into forests

To increase the rate of soil erosion

#10. Which of the following is a renewable resource?

Coal

Natural gas

Wind energy

Gold

#11. What is the term for the process where species evolve to become more suited to their environment?

Speciation

Natural selection

Artificial selection

Genetic drift

#12. What is the main function of a biodiversity hotspot?

To support the largest populations of animals

To protect areas with high levels of biodiversity that are under threat of destruction

To provide recreational opportunities for humans

To store large quantities of carbon dioxide

#13. What is the primary characteristic of an oligotrophic lake?

High nutrient levels and dense plant growth

Low nutrient levels and clear water

High temperature and low oxygen content

High levels of pollution and low biodiversity

#14. What is a common effect of pollution on aquatic ecosystems?

Increased oxygen levels for fish

Decreased biodiversity and oxygen depletion

Enhanced growth of aquatic plants

Increased water temperature without any harm to organisms

#15. Which of the following is an example of a greenhouse gas?

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen

#16. Which of the following is a characteristic of a K-selected species?

Short lifespan and rapid reproduction

Large number of offspring with little parental care

Long lifespan and slower reproduction rate

High genetic variation and adaptability

#17. What does “habitat restoration” involve?

Destroying ecosystems to make way for human development

Rebuilding ecosystems to their original state after they have been damaged

Introducing invasive species to control native species

Removing all human activity from a given area

#18. Which of the following is an example of a food web?

A single chain of organisms that consume each other

A diagram showing the flow of energy from the sun to plants

A complex network of interrelated food chains within an ecosystem

A food chain with no interactions between different species

#19. Which of the following factors is most likely to decrease biodiversity?

Habitat conservation

Pollution and habitat destruction

Invasive species introduction

Both B and C

#20. What is an example of a biotic factor that influences an ecosystem?

Temperature

Precipitation

Soil composition

Competition among species

#21. Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation?

The development of resistance in bacteria due to antibiotic use

The evolution of different species from a common ancestor to fill various ecological niches

The extinction of a species due to environmental change

The migration of species to new environments

#22. What is the main role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

To convert nitrogen into usable forms for plants

To release oxygen into the atmosphere

To break down dead organic matter

To regulate atmospheric temperature

#23. What is the definition of an ecosystem?

A group of plants in a specific area

A community of organisms interacting with their environment

A collection of non-living elements in an area

A specific species living in a particular region

#24. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of an ecosystem?

Biotic components

Abiotic components

Interaction among species

Only plants and animals

#25. Which of the following are abiotic components of an ecosystem?

Animals

Plants

Soil and water

Microorganisms

#26. Which of the following is true about biotic components?

They are non-living components of the ecosystem

They include factors like temperature and light

They include plants, animals and microorganisms

They do not interact with abiotic factors

#27. Which is NOT a division of an ecosystem?

Terrestrial ecosystem

Aquatic ecosystem

Structural ecosystem

Forest ecosystem

#28. What is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?

Coral reefs

Forests

Ponds

Oceans

#29. Which of the following is a function of an ecosystem?

Photosynthesis

Nutrient cycling

Biodiversity conservation

All of the above

#30. The process by which energy flows through an ecosystem is known as:

Energy cycling

Energy flow

Carbon cycling

Oxygen flow

#31. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?

Water

Sunlight

Oxygen

Soil nutrients

#32. In an ecosystem which organism is primarily responsible for decomposing organic matter?

Producers

Herbivores

Carnivores

Decomposers

#33. What role do producers (plants) play in an ecosystem?

They consume other organisms

They decompose organic matter

They produce their own food through photosynthesis

They cycle nutrients

#34. Which of the following is a characteristic of a balanced ecosystem?

Presence of producers and consumers

Continuous energy input

Recycling of nutrients

All of the above

#35. The cycling of nutrients within an ecosystem refers to:

Energy transfer through food chains

The movement of water between different layers of the ecosystem

The breakdown and reuse of organic material

The transfer of solar energy to organisms

#36. What is the main function of consumers in an ecosystem?

To produce food for the ecosystem

To decompose organic matter

To obtain energy by consuming other organisms

To fix nitrogen into the soil

#37. Which of the following represents an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

Fungi

Temperature

Herbivores

Algae

#38. Which one of the following is a key characteristic of an ecosystem’s functioning?

Linear movement of energy

Continuous recycling of nutrients

The absence of competition

The energy input from external sources

#39. Which of the following describes the “food chain” in an ecosystem?

A process of decomposing organic material

The linear pathway of energy transfer from producers to consumers

The breakdown of dead organisms into soil

The nutrient cycling process in an ecosystem

#40. What is the main characteristic of an aquatic ecosystem?

Presence of diverse terrestrial plants

Presence of water as the dominant abiotic factor

Presence of only freshwater

Lack of microorganisms

#41. Which of the following is a function of the producer in an ecosystem?

To consume other organisms for energy

To recycle nutrients into the environment

To provide energy for consumers through photosynthesis

To break down dead material

#42. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species in an ecosystem?

A lion in the savannah

A predator that regulates the population of herbivores

A flower providing nectar to bees

A bacteria breaking down organic matter

#43. Which of the following is an example of genetic diversity?

Different species of birds in a forest

The number of plant species in a meadow

Variations of genes within a population of elephants

The number of ecosystems in a region

#44. What level of biodiversity is represented by different species in a forest ecosystem?

Genetic diversity

Species diversity

Ecological diversity

Structural diversity

#45. What is the main value of biodiversity to human survival?

Provision of aesthetic beauty

Maintenance of ecological balance

Support for recreational activities

Increases in economic wealth

#46. Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem service provided by biodiversity?

Pollination of crops

Regulation of climate

Decrease in soil fertility

Water purification

#47. What does the loss of biodiversity primarily affect?

Aesthetic value of the environment

Economic wealth of communities

Stability of ecosystems and ecological services

Population of urban areas

#48. Which of the following is a primary cause of biodiversity loss?

Over-exploitation of species

Invasive species

Habitat destruction

All of the above

#49. Which of the following is an example of habitat destruction?

Planting trees to restore a forest

Draining wetlands to build a shopping center

Increasing fish populations in a lake

Creating wildlife reserves

#50. Which of the following best describes the concept of ecological diversity?

The variety of species in an ecosystem

The variety of ecosystems in a region

The genetic variations within a species

The number of individual organisms in a species

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Unit – III Ecosystem and Biodiversity [12 MARKS]

SET 4

#1. Which of the following is a characteristic of an r-selected species?

#2. What is an example of ecological resilience?

#3. Which of the following best describes an ecosystem service?

#4. Which of the following is an example of a sustainable practice?

#5. What is the effect of introducing an invasive species into an ecosystem?

#6. What is the primary purpose of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?

#7. What is the main difference between “endangered” and “threatened” species?

#8. What is the role of phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems?

#9. What is the main objective of reforestation efforts?

#10. Which of the following is a renewable resource?

#11. What is the term for the process where species evolve to become more suited to their environment?

#12. What is the main function of a biodiversity hotspot?

#13. What is the primary characteristic of an oligotrophic lake?

#14. What is a common effect of pollution on aquatic ecosystems?

#15. Which of the following is an example of a greenhouse gas?

#16. Which of the following is a characteristic of a K-selected species?

#17. What does “habitat restoration” involve?

#18. Which of the following is an example of a food web?

#19. Which of the following factors is most likely to decrease biodiversity?

#20. What is an example of a biotic factor that influences an ecosystem?

#21. Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation?

#22. What is the main role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

#23. What is the definition of an ecosystem?

#24. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of an ecosystem?

#25. Which of the following are abiotic components of an ecosystem?

#26. Which of the following is true about biotic components?

#27. Which is NOT a division of an ecosystem?

#28. What is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?

#29. Which of the following is a function of an ecosystem?

#30. The process by which energy flows through an ecosystem is known as:

#31. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?

#32. In an ecosystem which organism is primarily responsible for decomposing organic matter?

#33. What role do producers (plants) play in an ecosystem?

#34. Which of the following is a characteristic of a balanced ecosystem?

#35. The cycling of nutrients within an ecosystem refers to:

#36. What is the main function of consumers in an ecosystem?

#37. Which of the following represents an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

#38. Which one of the following is a key characteristic of an ecosystem’s functioning?

#39. Which of the following describes the “food chain” in an ecosystem?

#40. What is the main characteristic of an aquatic ecosystem?

#41. Which of the following is a function of the producer in an ecosystem?

#42. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species in an ecosystem?

#43. Which of the following is an example of genetic diversity?

#44. What level of biodiversity is represented by different species in a forest ecosystem?

#45. What is the main value of biodiversity to human survival?

#46. Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem service provided by biodiversity?

#47. What does the loss of biodiversity primarily affect?

#48. Which of the following is a primary cause of biodiversity loss?

#49. Which of the following is an example of habitat destruction?

#50. Which of the following best describes the concept of ecological diversity?

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